General Information

What is PSA

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a protein produced by prostate cells and detected through blood tests. The PSA test is primarily used to screen for prostate cancer, but several other factors can influence PSA levels, such as age, BPH, infections, and inflammation.

Normal PSA Levels:

Ages 40-49: 0 to 2.5 ng/mL
Ages 50-59: 0 to 3.5 ng/mL
Ages 60-69: 0 to 4.5 ng/mL
Ages 70+: 0 to 6.5 ng/mL

An elevated PSA level is a signal to perform additional tests, such as a biopsy or ultrasound, to assess the condition of the prostate.

How Often Should I Check PSA?

Regular PSA tests can help detect prostate issues early. The American Urologic Association recommends men aged 45 to 69 discuss annual testing with their urologist. For men over 70, PSA testing should be considered on a case-by-case basis, depending on individual health factors and in consultation with a doctor.

Diagnosis

To diagnose the cause of elevated PSA levels, your urologist will conduct a thorough assessment, including:

• PSA Blood Test: Measures the level of PSA in the blood.
• Digital Rectal Exam (DRE): Evaluates the size and shape of the prostate.
• Biopsy: Involves taking a small tissue sample from the prostate to check for cancer cells.
• Ultrasound: Uses sound waves to create an image of the prostate and detect any abnormalities.
• MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Noninvasive imaging technique that uses radio waves and a strong magnet to generate detailed imaging of the prostate.

Your doctor may also consider additional symptoms, such as urinary tract infections, frequent or painful urination, and sudden urges to urinate, which could indicate an enlarged prostate.

Treatment

Treatment options for elevated PSA levels depend on the underlying cause and may include:

• Monitoring: Regular PSA tests and physical exams to track any changes over time.
• Medications: To treat infections or inflammation that may be causing elevated PSA levels.
• Lifestyle Changes: Diet and exercise modifications to improve overall prostate health.
• Surgery or Procedures: In cases where prostate cancer or significant BPH is diagnosed, surgical options may be considered.

Early detection and appropriate treatment can significantly improve outcomes and reduce complications.